二、简单句、并列句和复合句

(一)句子种类两种分类法

1、按句子的用途可分四种：

1)陈述句(肯定、否定)：He is six years old; She didn’t hear of you before.

2)疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意)：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she?

3)祈使句：Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class

4)感叹句：How clever the boy is!

2、按句子的结构可分三种：

1)简单句：只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。

e.g. He often reads English in the morning.

Tom and Mike are American boys.

She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.

2) 并列句：由并列连词(and, but, or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。

e.g. You help him and he helps you.

The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。

3)复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。

e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.

(二)简单句的五种基本句型

1、主语+系动词+表语：e.g. He is a student.

2、主语+不及物动词：e.g. We work.

3、主语+及物动词+宾语：e.g. Henry bought a dictionary.

4、主语+及物动词+双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语)：e.g. My father bought me a car.

5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语(宾语+宾补)：e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.

注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。