专业四级考试中vocabulary & grammar 占比15%，30道题目的考察全面细致，其中语法题目会让N多裸考生连题目都看不懂，这个知识贴就是避免这个人伦悲剧的。

句子成分 sentence composition

主语 subject

谓语 predicate verb

表语 predicative

宾语 object

定语 attribute

状语 adverbial modifier

补足语 complement

短语 phrase

不定式短语 infinitive phrase

动名词短语 gerundial phrase

分词短语 participial phrase

介词短语 prepositional phrase

从句 clause

主语从句 subject clause

表语从句 predicative clause

宾语从句 object clause

定语从句 attributive clause

非限定性定语从句 The non-finite attributive clauses

状语从句 adverbial clause

时间状语从句 adverbial clause of time

地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place

原因状语从句 adverbial clause of cause

条件状语从句 adverbial clause of condition

目的状语从句 adverbial clause of purpose

结果状语从句 adverbial clause of result

比较状语从句 adverbial clause of comparison

句子 sentence

简单句 simple sentence

并列句 compound sentence

复合句 complex sentence

陈述句 declarative sentence

疑问句 interrogative sentence

祈使句 imperative sentence

感叹句 exclamatory sentence

就近原则 principle of proximity

主谓一致 subject-predicate consistency

单复数一致 singular and plural is consistent

平行结构一致 parallel structure is consistent

并列结构 structure of coordination

强调句 emphatic sentence

语序 word order

倒装 inversion

省略 omit