1. 完全倒装

a. Look, here ______.

b. Look, here ______.

A. he comes, the bus comes B. comes he, comesthe bus

C. comes he, the bus comes D. he comes, comes the bus

此题应选D。容易误选A, B。这里涉及倒装问题。

倒装通常分可为完全倒装(谓语置于主语前)和部分倒装(使用一般疑问句的形式)。而完全倒装通常又有两种情况：

1. 在描述动作的句子, 为了描述生动, 增强修饰效果, 常将副词 out, in, down, up, away, off, here, there, now, then, next等位于句首, 从而引起倒装：

In came the teacher. 老师进了来。

There goes the bell. 响铃了。

Up went the arrow into the air. 箭飕地一下声飞到了空中。

2. 为了使句子平衡或上下文联系紧密, 常将主语或状语置于句首, 从而引起倒装：

By the window sat a girl. 窗子边坐着一个女孩。

At the top of the hill stands a weather station. 山顶上有一个气象站。

注意：若主语是代词, 则不能倒装：

There he goes. 他走了。

Behind the counter she stood. 她站在柜台后。

2. “only＋状语”置于句首句子要倒装

Only in this way ______ able to finish the work in time.

A. can you be B. are youC. you can be D. you are

此题应选 B。容易误选D。至于A, C, 这比较容易排除, 因为情态动词 can 不能与 be able to用在同一谓语中。本题之所以要选B而不选D, 主要是因为句首用了only in thisway 的缘故, 按照英语语法规则：“only＋状语”位于句首, 句子通常要用倒装语序(部分倒装——用一般疑问句形式)：

1. “only＋副词”位于句首：

Only then did I realize that I was wrong. 只是到了那时我才意识到是我错了。

2. “only＋介词短语”位于句首：

Only by working hard can you succeed. 只有努力工作你才能成功。

Only in the reading-room can you find him. 你只有在阅览室才能找到他。

3. “only＋状语从句”位于句首：

Only when one loses freedom does one know itsvalue. 一个人只有在失去自由后才知道自由的可贵。

注意：若位于句首的不是only＋状语, 而是 only＋宾语等, 则通常无需倒装(但有时也可以倒装)：

Only a policeman the children saw in the street. 孩子们在街上只看到一个警察。

Only one more point will I make. 我只再说明一点。

3. 否定词置于句首句子要倒装

a. I ______ seen such a good harvest!

b. ______ I seen such a good harvest.

A. have never, Never haveB. never have, Have never

C. have never, Have neverD. never have, Never have

此题应选A。这里考察的是否定词置于句首, 句子用部分倒装的问题。一般说来, 以下否定词位于句首, 句子要用倒装(部分倒装—-用一般问句的形式)：seldom, never, little, few, hardly, not, not until, in vain, in no way, by nomeans, on no account, no longer 等：

Never does he come late. 他从不迟到。

Little did he know that the police were afterhim. 他一点也不知道警察在找他。

By no means shall I go there again. 我决不会再去那儿了。

Hardly had he arrived at the station when thetrain began to leave. 他一到车站, 火车就开动了。

Few students did they see in the classroom. 他们在教室没看到几个学生。

Not a word did I ever say to him. 我从未对他说过一句话。

Not until all the fish in the river died did thevillagers realize how serious the pollutionwas. 直到河里的鱼全死了, 村民们才意识到污染是多么严重。

4. So do I 与 So I do

—He studies very hard.

—Yes, so ______ and so ______.

A. he did, you did B. did he, did you C. he did, did you D. did he, you did

此题应选C。容易误选B。此题句意为：

—他学习很用功。

—是的, 他确实用功, 你也一样(用功)。

这里涉及这样两个问题：

1. 表示前面所述的情况也适合于后面一个人或事物, 通常在so后用倒装句式(部分倒装——用一般问句的形式)：

He likes English. So do I. 他喜欢英语, 我也一样。

He was ill and so were his parents. 他病了, 他父母也病了。

顺便说一句, 在正式文体中, as也可这样用：

He travelled a great deal, as did most of hisfriends. 他去过许多地方旅游, 他多数朋友也一样。

但是如果前面所述情况为否定式, 则用neither, nor引出倒装句(此时不能用so)：

He couldn’t do it, and neither could she. 他做不了, 她也做不了。

He never comes late. Nor do I. 他从不迟到, 我也从不迟到。

2. 后一句子若只是重复前句的意思, 起加强语气的作用, so后面不用倒装句式：

—He has done a good job. 他干得不错。

—So he has. 他的确干得不错。

5. not only…but (also)…连接句子时的倒装

Not only ______ a great writer, but ______ a great fighter.

A. he is, he is B. is he, is he C. is he, he is D. he is, is he

此题应选C。即not only…but…位于句首连接两个句子时, 通常前面一句(not only…)要倒装, 而后面一句(but…)则不倒装(即所谓的“前倒后不倒”)。又如：

Not only did he complain about the food, but healso refused to pay for it. 他不仅抱怨饭不好, 而且还拒绝付钱。

Not only did we lose all our money, but we alsocame close to losing our lives. 我们不仅丢了所有的钱, 而且差点丧了命。

比较以下两结构：

1. not until…放在句首时, 要用 not until＋状语(从句)＋倒装的主句(即所谓的“后倒前不倒”——注意联系英语中的“否定词位于句首要倒装”)：

Not until the teacher came did we leave. 直到老师来我们才离开。

Not until the war was over did he return home. 直到战争结束他才返回家乡。

2. so＋adj. / adv…(that)…放在句首, 通常要倒装前面的主句, 而后面的从句不倒装(即所谓的“前倒后不倒”)：

So fast does light travel that it is difficultfor us to imagine its speed. 光传播得这样快, 以致于我们无法想象它的速度。

6. 涉及主语一致的倒装

In the letter ______ these words, “I love you”.

A. wasB. wereC. sawD. found

此题应选B。选项A, C, D都有可能被误选。

对于此题, 考生首先要弄清它是一个倒装句, 其正常词序为：These words "I love you" were in theletter. 为了结构紧凑和平衡, 才使用此倒装句式。又如：

轮船上有2000余人。

正：On the ship were more than 2000 people.

正：More than 2000 people were on the ship.

值得注意的是, 以上这类倒装句, 还涉及主谓一致问题：

墙后是一些高树子。

正：Behind the wall are some tall trees.

误：Behind the wall is some tall trees.

老师四周围着一些年轻的学生。

正：Around the teacher were some young students.

误：Around the teacher was some young students.

这两座山之间有一个小村庄。

正：Between the two hills was a small village.

误：Between the two hills were a small village.

盒子里有一些小球。

正：In the box are some small balls.

误：In the box is some small balls.

这类句子, 有的考生之所出错, 是因为他们把句首的介词短语看作主语, 从而把谓语与介词短语中的名词保持一致。

关于这个问题, 有个比较简单的方法可以判定：即在英语中介词短语通常不能作主语, 假若一个句子的主语位置是一个介词短语, 考生应考虑是否是一个倒装句。