中国人轻松学英语常用语法(7)
第七章 问句(Questions)
7§1答案只是〝Yes〞或〝No〞的问题
有些问题，答案只有〝Yes〞或〝No〞，以下是一些例子。
原来句子问句
I am a boy. Am I a boy?
He has a car. Does he have a car?
I gave him three books. Did I give him three books?
He cannot work. Can he work?
He has not seen me. Has he seen me?
They like your novel. Do They like your novel?
The sun sets in the west. Does the sunset in the west?
They are good teachers. Are they good teachers?
He will not go to a concert tonight.Will he go to a concert tonight?
He is going to swim.Is he going to swim?
They must eat vegetables. Must they eat vegetables?
They have to go.Do they have to go?
I walked two kilometers yesterday. Did I walk two kilometers yesterday?
It is raining now. Is it raining now?
根据以上的例子，我们可以归纳乘以下的规则：
(1)凡动词是verb to be的，变成问句时，动词移到主词前面去。
例子：
原来句子问句
You are a girl. Are you a girl?
He was a teacher. Was he a teacher?
They were all old. Were they all old?
This song is beautiful. Is this song beautiful?
Peter is a good student.Is Peter a good student?
(2)动词不是verb to be，也没有助动词，改成问句时，必须加助动词do或他的变形，这个助动词必须在主词的前面。
例子：
原来句子问句
I like music. Do I like music?
He likes sports.Does he like sports?
Peter went to America. Did Peter go to America?
He ate three apples last night. Did he eat three apples last night?
Her mother calls her every week.Does her mother call her every week?
(3)句子中间如已有助动词，改成问句时，只要将助动词移到主动词前面即可。
例子：
原来句子问句
He did not eat. Did he eat?
He has gone to America. Has he gone to America?
She can dance. Can she dance?
I will see you tonight. Will I see you tonight?
They are going to Washington. Are they going to Washington?
我们的问句中，当然也可已有否定的意义，比方说，我们可以问：
你不喜欢音乐吗？
他不是你的弟弟吗？
你从未见过他？
英文句子也可以如此，例如：
Don’t you like music?
Doesn’t he play piano?
Aren’t you his brother?
Isn’t he a good student?
Didn’t he go to school?
Hasn’t he lived here?
Won’t he leave tomorrow?
注意，这时not通常和动词连在一起了。
有一件事，是我们中国人必须注意的，假如有人问你：
你不喜欢音乐吗？
而你本人的确也不喜欢音乐，你会回答说：
是，我不喜欢音乐。
也就是说，我们中国人的回答是顺着问句的。问句说你不喜欢，我们同意他的说法，所以前面加一个〝是〞。假设我喜欢音乐，我会回答说：
不，我喜欢音乐。
可是，英文正好相反，英文的yes和no，与问句的问法无关，而对应了回答的事实。举例来说，我们的问句也许是：
Don’t you like music?
你如不喜欢音乐就回答说：
No, I don’t like music.
你如喜欢音乐，就回答说：
Yes, I like music.
再举一例，有人问：
Isn’t he Chinese?
他是中国人就回答：
Yes, he is.
他如不是，就回答：
No, he isn’t.
反正，英文的yes和no，都和答案的事实对应，而与如何问无关。
【练习二十五】
将以下句子翻译成英文问句：
1.你喜欢他吗？
2.他是美国人吗？
3.你昨天有没有去教堂？
4.他曾经到过日本吗？
5.你要去台北吗？
6.他不喜欢体育吗？
7.你从未去过日本吗？
8.他有一个妹妹吗？
9.他们都是学生吗？
10. 你的哥哥昨天见过我爸爸吗？
7§2 回答不只是〝yes〞和〝no〞的问句
问句的答案当然不一定只是yes或no，以下的问句都是例子：
Where did you buy this book?
Where did you see him?
How do you like America?
Whom do you like?
Which cake do you want?
Whose book is this?
What kind of method is this?
Which country were you born in?
Which do you want, an apple or an orange?
Whom do you like most, your brother or your sister?
Where did you go last night?
When did you meet your father?
When did you read this book?
Whom did you give this book to?
以上的问句中都有助动词，但以下的问句中，助动词是不存在的：
Who gave you this car?
Who wrote this letter?
Who took my pen away?
Who wants to go with me?
Who can sing this song?
【练习二十六】
将以下的中文问句翻译成英文问句：
1.你在哪里买这本书的？
2.他什么时候到美国去的？
3.他爸爸的名字是什么？
4.这是谁的书？
5.你从哪里来的？
6.你要哪一本书？
7.这个孩子是谁？
8.他最喜欢谁？
9.他叫什么名字？
10. 你昨天到哪里去了？
11. 这是谁的狗？
【练习二十七】
填空
1.did you go last night?
2.book do you like?
3.is your brother?
4.is his name?
5.wrote this letter?
6.did you give this book to?
7.gave you this book?
8.car is this?
9.dog is this?
10. movie did you see?
11. can speak English?
12. did you speak to?
13. kind of car is this?
14. fruit do you like most?
15. does not swim
