介词讲解及实例(3)
(七)、of
1.动词+of
a)动词+of。of意为“有关，由于”： beg of(sb.)请求某人,complain of抱怨，
consist of由…构成, die of死于, dream of梦想, hear of听说, know of了解,
speak of谈及, tell of讲到, think of想起, talk of论及。例如：
never has one of them complained of all the trouble we give.
从来没有人抱怨我们带来这么多麻烦。
carbon dioxide consists of carbon and oxygen.
二氧化碳由碳、氧两种元素组成。
b)动词+sb.+of+sth.。其中of有“剥夺，有关”之意：
accuse of控告(谴责，非难)某人, cheat of骗走, deprive of剥夺,
inform of汇报, rob of抢走, remind of提醒, warn of警告。例如：
he has cheated me of my poverty. 他骗走了我的财产。
they are deprived of their rights as citizens.
他们的公民权都被剥夺了。
c)动词+sth.+ of +sb.。介词of表动宾关系，后接动作的宾语
sb.：request of请求(某人做某事), require of要求得到。例如：
all i request of you is that you should come here early.
我唯一的请求就是希望你早点来。
you have done all the law requires of you.
你做的这一切都是法律对你的要求。
2. be +形容词+ of。of后接表对象或目标的词，这类短语有很多：
be aware of觉察, be ashamed of以…为耻, be afraid of担心,
be bare of没有, be careful of小心, be clear of还清债务,
be certain of确信, be composed of由…构成, be envious of嫉妒,
be forgetful of健忘, be fond of喜欢, be free of免于;摆脱,
be full of充满, be guilty of认罪, be hopeful of抱有希望,
be informed of汇报, be impatient of对…无耐心, be jealous of嫉妒,
be made of用…制成, be mindful of留意, be proud of以…为骄傲,
be sick of烦于, be short of缺乏, be sure of确信, be tired of困于,
be worthy of值得。
3.of+名词构成的词组：of age成年, of choice精选的，of course当然,
of late最近，of name有名的，of oneself自动地，of purpose有意地，
of use有用，of values有价值的。
(八)、on
1.动词+on
a)动词+ on。介词on表示“凭借，产生某结果，接通”等意思：
act on对…有作用, bring on促使;导致, call on拜访某人,
count on依赖, carry on执行, depend on取决, feed on以…为生,
figure on料想;推断, go on继续, have on穿着, insist on坚持,
keep on继续, lean on依赖, live on以…为生, pull on迅速穿上,
put on穿上, switch on接通(电源), take to喜欢;养成;轻易学会，
turn on接通(电源), work on操作, wait on侍候。例如：
this kind of medicine acts on the heart. 这种药对心脏有好处。
the fine weather brings on the crops nicely. 好天气促使庄稼长势良好。
we count on you to help. 我们有赖你的帮助。
b)动词+sb.(sth.)+ on +sb.(sth.)。on的意思是“以…，对…，在某方面”：
base on以…为基础, congratulate on恭贺, fix on固定, have mercy on怜悯,
have pity on怜惜, keep watch on监视, spend on把时间、精力花在某方面。例如：
theory should be based on practice. 理论联系实际。
congratulate on your success in the competition. 恭喜你竞赛获得成功。
2.be+形容词+on的词组：be dependent on依赖, be hard on对某人苛刻,
be impressed on对…印象深刻, be keen on渴望, be strict on对…严格。例如：
we can’t just be dependent on our parents. 我们不能只依赖父母。
he is keen on going abroad. 他渴望出国。
3.on+名词构成的词组：on表示处于某种状态或在某个方位：on board乘(车,飞机),
on call听候召唤, on duty值班, on earth到底, on fire着火, on foot步行，
on guard在岗，on hire雇用，on holiday度假，on leave休假，on one’s knees跪下,
on one’s way在…的路上,on purpose故意, on sale待售，on shore在岸上,
on time准时, on the move行动, on the other hand另一方面, on the spot当场,
on the tip of one’s tongue快要说出口, on top of在…的顶部，on watch值班。
(九)、to
1.动词+to
a)动词+ to。介词to意为“达到，指向”等：adjust to适应, attend to处理;
照料, agree to赞同, amount to加起来达…，belong to属于, come to达到,
drink to为…干杯，get to到达, happen to发生在某人身上, hold to紧握,
lead to通向, listen to听, occur to想起, object to反对, point to指向,
respond to回答, refer to参考;指的是…;涉及, reply to回答, see to负责,
stick to坚持, turn to求助, write to给某人写信。例如：
she must learn to adjust herself to english life. 她必须学会适应英国的生活。
business has to be attended to. 有事要办。
an idea occurred to me. 我想出一个办法。
b)动词(+sth.)+to+sb.。下列动词不能直接带间接宾语sb.，要接间接宾语时须在
动词后加介词to：announce to通知某人, describe to向某人描述, explain to向
某人解释, express to对某人表达, mention to提及, nod to向某人点头, report to
报告, say to告知, shout to对某人大叫, suggest to对某人提建议,
speak to与某人交谈, talk to跟某人谈话, whisper to和某人低声耳语。例如：
she suggested to me one or two suitable people for the committee.
她跟我向委员会推举了一两个合适的人选。
c)动词+sth./sb.+ to +sth./sb.。此时介词to可译成“到，于，给”等意思：
add to增加, compare to比作, carry to运送至, devote to致力于,
introduce to介绍给, invite to邀请参加, join to连接到, leave to委托给,
reduce to下降至, sentence to判处, take to带到。例如：
please add a piece of candy to coffee. 请给咖啡加块糖。
poets like to compare life to stage. 诗人喜欢把人生比作舞台。
2. be +形容词/过去分词+ to。to的意思是“对…”：be alive to觉察;
晓得, be attentive to注意;留心, be awake to知晓, be blind to缺乏眼光,
be close to紧挨着, be common to对某人来说很普通, be contrary to违反;
反对, be devoted to致力, be deaf to不愿意听, be equal to有…的力量,
be exposed to暴露;遭受, be fair to对…公平, be familiar to对某人来说熟悉,
be grateful to对某人心存感激, be good to对…有好处, be harmful to对…有危害,
be important to对…重要, be kind to友好对待, be known to周知于,
be married to嫁给, be moved to转移到, be near to*近,
be necessary to对…有必要, be opposite to在对面, be opposed to反对,
be pleasant to合某人之意, be proper to专属, be polite to礼貌待人,
be rude to粗暴对待, be relative to与…有关, be strange to不习惯,
be similar to类似, be suitable to适合, be true to忠实,
be thankful to感激, be useful to对…有用, be used to习惯。例如：
are you alive to what is going on? 你注意到发生什么事了吗?
the old man was not equal to the situation. 那老人不能应付这种情况。
his house is opposite to mine. 他的房子在我的房子对面。
3.to+名词构成的词组有：to a degree在某种程度上, to date到现在为止,
to one’s feet跳起来，to one’s mind照…看来, to one’s surprise使…吃惊,
to one’s taste符合胃口, to oneself独自享用, to order定做,
to the letter不折不扣地, to the point中肯地。
(十)、with
1.动词+ with
a)动词+ with。with接对象或目标，意思为“与…，从…”：agree with同意;
适应, begin with从…开始, continue with继续, do with应付, deal with对付,
fight with与…作战, fool with愚弄, hurry with忙于, mix with与…混合在一起,
meet with偶遇, play with把玩, quarrel with与某人争吵,
reason with与某人评理, settle with与人协商。例如：
let’s begin our class with an english song.
我们以一首英语歌开讲。
i meant to reason with you, but you won’t reason.
我本要与你理论理论，但你不愿意。
b)动词+ sth./sb. + with + sth./sb.。介词with意为“以，用”：
compare with与…比较, combine with与…混合, equip with以…装备,
feed with用…喂养, furnish with用…装饰, provide with提供,
replace with以…替代, supply with供给。例如：
education must be combined with productive labour.
教育应与生产力相结合。
they replaced slave labour with machines.
他们用机器代替奴工。
2. be +形容词/过去分词+ with。介词with表示情绪的原因、
凭借等意思：be angry with恼怒, be annoyed with使烦恼,
be busy with忙于, be bored with使烦心, be burdened with担负,
be crowded with拥挤着, be connected with与…联系,
be covered with覆盖着, be concerned with关心, be content with对…满意,
be disappointed with失望于, be delighted with对…感到高兴,
be engaged with忙碌于, be exhausted with由于…而极度疲倦,
be filled with充满, be familiar with熟悉, be friendly with对…友好,
be occupied with忙碌, be overcome with极为, be popular with受…欢迎,
be patient with对…有耐心, be pleased with对…高兴,
be satisfied with满意于, be strict with对…严格,
be wrong with有毛病, be wild with因…而欣喜。例如：
he was much annoyed with his son’s behavior.
他对儿子的行为相当恼火。
i’m fully occupied with my daily work.
我忙碌于日常事务。
when he caught sight of her, he was overcome with despair.
看到她，他非常失望。
3.动词+副词/介词短语+with构成的词组: catch up with赶上,
do away with废除, fall in love with爱上,
get together with与…联欢,keep in touch with保持联系，keep up with赶上。
综上所述，常用介词搭配在英语中极其丰富，意义复杂多变。
掌握这些搭配，对夯实基础、提高英语阅读水平和理解能力是大有裨益的。
内容相关：
语法：四级翻译四大难点解密
四六级考试常考语法解析—冠词搭配
语法：否定句大辨析
