表语从句

表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。说明主语是什么或者怎么样，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当，和连系动词一起构成谓语

定义：主语 连系动词 一个句子作表语---表语从句

表语从句定义：在一个复合句中，从句作的是主语的表语成分。

连接表语从句的连接词有：

连词：that, whether

连接代词：what, who, , which, whoever，whomever，whichever ，whatever等

关系副词：when, where，why, how

B连接表语从句的连接词有：that, what, who, when, where, which, why,whether,how.whoever，whomever，whichever ，whatever等

He has become a teacher.

他已经成为一名教师。

He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.

他已经成为了他10年前想成为的。

She has remained there for an hour.

她曾在那里停留了一个小时。

She has remained where I stood yesterday for an hour.

她一直在我昨天站的地方站了一个小时。

His suggestion is good.

他的建议是好的。

His suggestion is that we should stay calm.

他的建议是，我们应该保持冷静。

注意

A表语从句一定要用陈述语序。

False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.

Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.

B不可以用if，而用whether 连接表语从句(as if 例外)。

引导宾语从句时可以互换if/whether 位于介词后要用whether

位于句首时要用whether

引导表语从句，主语从句，同位语从句时要用whether

False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.

Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.

Right: It looked as if he had understood this question.

C不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。

Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.

Right: The question is why he cried yesterday.

Dthat在表语从句中不可以省掉。

基本用法

表语从句只能置于主句之后，而主句的动词只能是连系动词。

名词性从句在be等系动词后作表语时被称为表语从句

例如： The problem is how we can get the things we need.问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西。 (how 在表语从句中充当方式状语)

The scissors are not what I need. 这把剪刀不是我所需要的。(what 在表语从句中充当宾语)

What I told him was that I would find him a good play. 我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本。(what在主语从句中作直接宾语， that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分， 不能省略)

That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要对你讲的。(what在表语从句中充当直接宾语)

That is why she failed to pass the exam. 那就是她考试不及格的原因。(why 在表语从句中充当原因状语)

注意

1.“That is why...”是常用句型， 意为“这就是……的原因/因此……”， 其中why引导的名词性从句在句中作表语， 该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结，

如： That is why you see this old woman before you know, Jeanne.

珍妮， 这就是现在这个老太婆出现在你面前的原因。(前文提到Jeanne对老妇人显得苍老憔悴深感诧异， 说话人对她讲述了其中的原因之后，用这一句来进行概括)。

2. “That is why...” “That is the reason why...” “That is because...”辨析：

(1)“That is why...”与“That is the reason why...”同义，

从语法结构上讲， “That is the reason why...”中why引导的是—个定语从句， 将其中的the reason去掉则与“That is why...”结构一样， 例如：

That is (the reason) why I cannot agree. 这就是我不能同意的理由。

(2)“That is because...”句型中从属连词because引导的名词性从句在此作表语， 这也是个常用句型， 意为“这就是为什么……/因为……”。

“That is because...”与“That is why...”之间的不同在于：

“That is because...”指原因或理由，

“That is why...”则指由于各种原因所造成的后果，

例如：

He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨天晚上他没有去看电影， 那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做作业。(第一句话说明结果， 第二句话说明原因)

He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.他以前曾看过那部电影， 因此他昨天晚上没有去看。(第一句话说明原因， 第二句话说明结果)

案例分析

[考题1]

The traditional view is ____ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. (2007上海)

A. when B. why C. whether D. that

[答案] D

[解析] 下划线处之后是包含一个原因状语从句的表语从句， 如果看不出它是充当整个句子结构的表语从句将难以把握整个句子的意思。因此， 应选择可引导名词性从句且不充当任何成分的that。

[考题2]

You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ____ I disagree. (2004)

A. why B. where C. what D. how

[答案] B

[解析] 下划线处的引导词引导系动词is后的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当地点状语(“disagree”属于不及物动词， “I disagree”本身是完整的主谓结构)， 下划线应填入引导词where， 表语从句“where I disagree”的意思是“我不同意之处、 我不同意的地方”。

[考题3]

— I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.

— Is that ____ you had a few days off? (1999)

A. why B. when C. what D. where

[答案] A

[解析] 下划线处的引导词引导与系动词is连用的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当原因状语， 下划线应填入表示“因此……”(指因某种原因所造成的结果)的引导词why。

____ she couldn’t understand was ____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. (2000上海)

A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that

[答案] A

[解析] 第一个下划线处的引导词引导主语从句并在该主语从句中充当宾语， 特指她所不理解的事情， 应填入关系代词型的引导词what; 第二个下划线处表示“因此……”(指因某种原因所造成的后果， 由why引导对应的名词性从句)而不是“为什么……”(指原因、 理由， 由because引导对应的名词性从句)， 应填入引导词why。

____ made the school proud was ____ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. (2003上海春)

A. What; because B. What; that

C. That; what D. That; because

[答案] B

[解析] 第一个下划线处的引导词引导主语从句并在该主语从句中充当主语， 特指令校方骄傲的事情， 应选用关系代词型的引导词what; 第二个下划线处引导表语从句表示原因、 理由， 应由that引导对应的名词性从句。

— Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?

— Oh, that’s ____. (2003北京春)

A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about

C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited

[答案] A

[解析] A选项的意思是“令我感觉激动的事物”; B选项的意思是“我觉得激动的任何事物”; C选项的意思是“我对它感觉的方式”; D选项的意思是“令我感觉激动的时间”。四个选项中A最适合跟代表“game”的主语that对应， 充当表语从句。

表语从句与宾语从句的关系

宾语从句和表语从句都属于名词性从句。其作用跟名词在句中的作用相同。故充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句，充当表语的句子叫表语从句。

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