误解单词词性类错误
英语和汉语不仅在遣词造句、句型搭配、习惯用法等方面有很大的差别，就是在词性方面也有很大的差别，并且这种差别有时会使同学们稍不小心就酿成错误。如：
◇_________ he was in Japan, he visited many places.
A. During B. SinceC. While D. In
答案是选A吗？during（在……期间）是连词吗？它能引导时间状语从句吗？请参见本节有关例题。
◇I want him to go with us _________ he doesn’t.
A. even B. if C. even ifD. if even
【分析】此题能选A吗？even（即使）是连词吗？它能引导让步状语从句吗？请参见本节有关例题。
◇_________ your students against or for the plan made by the teacher?
A. Do B. CanC. AreD. Did
Against（反对）是动词吗？它可以用作谓语吗？此题的最佳答案是A吗？请参见本节有关例题。
◇A _________ road goes _________ from one place to another.
A. straight, straightB. straightly, straightlyC. straight, straightlyD. straightly, straight
straightly 是 straight 的副词形式吗？换句话说，修饰名词用 straight，而修饰动词就用 straightly 吗？请参见本节有关例题。
本节搜集了中学生在词性用法上容易出错的一些典型例题，希望对同学们的学习有所帮助。
1. _________ he was in Japan, he visited many places.
A. DuringB. Since C. WhileD. In
【分析】此题容易误选 A，将介词 during 误用作连词。正确答案应为 C。不过此题若改为如下形式，则应选介词 during：
_________ his stay in Japan, he visited many places.
A. During B. SinceC. While D. In
但是下面一例要填 while，而不能填 during，因为其后接的已是一个介词短语，所以不宜再用介词 during，而用 while 可将其视为省略句：
_________ at school, he wrote his first novel.
A. During B. SinceC. While D. In
可视为 While (he was) at school, he wrote his first novel. 之省略。
2. I want him to go with us _________ he doesn’t.
A. evenB. if C. even if D. if even
【分析】此题容易误选 A，其实应选 C。从语义上看，even 和 even if都可表示“即使”，如：
It was cold there even in July. 那里即使在七月，天气都很冷。
Even if I have to walk all the way I’ll get there. 即使我得一路走着去，我也要走到那里。
Even if we could afford it, we wouldn’t go abroad for our holidays. 即使我们有能力，我们也不去国外度假。
但是两者的词性不同：even 是副词，even if 是连词，
3. _________ the years slipped by, I thought less about her.
A. With B. As C. Since D. To
【分析】此题容易误选 A，而其实应选 B。虽然 with 和 as 均可表示“随着”，但词性不同：with 是介词，后接名词或代词，而 as 用于此义时是连词，后接句子。比较：
He will improve as he grows older. 随着年龄的增长，他会进步的。
People’s ideas change with the change of the times. 时代变了，人们的观念也会变化。
下题应选答案C，你知道是什么原因了吗？
_________ the development of modern agriculture and industry, more and more waste has beenproduced.
A. As B. ForC. WithD. Through
4. He walked _________ the stage and bowed to the audience.
A. acrossB. crossC. crossing D. acrossing
【分析】此题容易误选B。across 和 cross 均可表示“横过”、“穿过”，但词性不同：across 是介词，cross 是动词。比较：
cross the street 横过马路walk across the street 走过马路
cross a river 过河，渡河swim across a river 游过河
【分析】此题正确答案应为A。请再看一例：
Don’t _________ the bridge until you come to it.
A. acrossB. crossC. throughD. over
【分析】此题最佳答案选B，从题干的句子结构来看，填空处只能填一个动词，而在所给的四个选项中，只有B为动词，其余三个均为介词。
5. A _________ road goes _________ from one place to another.
A. straight, straightB. straightly, straightly
C. straight, straightly D. straightly, straight
【分析】此题容易误选C，认为第一空是用于road 前作定语，故用形容词straight(这是对的)；第二空应填副词 straightly，用以修饰动词goes(这就不完全对了)。在现代英语中，straight 既可用作形容词，也可用作副词。straightly这个副词形式在现代英语中已被废弃，许多词典均不再收录此词。所以此题最佳答案应选A。
