独立主格，一个让人看到就有点肝颤的大神级的语法现象，出现在高考语法题和雅思阅读题中，高中听说读写拔高的四级课堂会有详细的解读。究竟它的来源是什么，我们能自己写出独立主格吗?

它的定义说出来比较的吓人，我们暂且不表，先用一些比较简单的句子来看一下他的演化过程，She ran into the room. Her face was covered with tears. 这是两个句子，语法独立，但属于一个人的动作。英语要尽量的追求简化，能合到一起的句子要尽量合到一起，但是这两个句子有独立的主语，分别是she和her face. 所以我们这块就把She ran into the room.这个主要句子保留，而her face was covered with tears.要把谓语变成非谓语，也就是把was去掉，变成了She ran into the room, her face was covered with tears.

总结一下规则为：1. 确定主句;2.把次要句的连词删掉;3.谓语变成非谓语;谓语变成非谓语时有一个大体的原则，doing表主动，done表被动。我们在高中听说读写拔高的课堂上会练习一下：

1.After his passport had been found, he was relieved.变成了

His passport found, he was relieved.

2.Because the clock was ringing, the lazy boy felt annoyed.变成了

The clock ringing, the lazy boy felt annoyed.

3.As my watch had been lost, I didn’t know what time it was.变成了

My watch having been lost, I didn’t know what time it was.

通过这三个句子，您对独立主格有些了解了吗?独立主格是一个状语结构，来自于状语从句或简单句。所以它的定义为：有自己独立主语的状语结构，和主句语法没关系，但意义相连，最终目的是要追求简洁。

我们来多看几个高考题：

1._________, the text became easier for us to learn.

A. Explaining new words

B. New words explained

C. Being explained new words

D. Having explained new words

这道题选B，句子的原来形式为 After new words had been explained, the text became easier for us to learn.我们保留主句不变，删掉after,把谓语变成非谓语即成了new words explained.

2. ____, I’ll go there with you tomorrow afternoon.

A. Time permits

B. If time permitting

C. Time permitting

D. Time’s permitting

这道题选C，句子的原来形式为If time permits, I’ll go there with you tomorrow afternoon. 我们保留主句不变，删掉if,把谓语变成非谓语time permitting.

3. ______ no bus, we had to walk home.

A. There was

B. There being

C. Because there being

D. There were

这道题选B，句子的原来形式为Because there was no bus, we had to walk home.我们保留主句不变，删掉because,把谓语变成非谓语there being no bus.

通过以上题目训练，您有对做独立主格的语法题有些感觉了吗?下面我们看看阅读中的独立主格：

1.The flights having been canceled on account of the tsunami, many travelers could do nothing but remain in residence despite the high cost of rented accommodation there.

其中的前半部分相当于Because the flights had been canceled on account of the tsunami,删掉了because,把谓语变成了非谓语。

2. But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not.

其中的all other factors being equal,相当于if all other factors are equal,

删掉了if，把谓语变成了非谓语。

通过上面例子，我们简单总结一下：英语句子是要追求简洁和紧凑的，因此，会把原来的很多有联系的简单句和从句演变成非谓语的形式，最后变成隶属于主句的一个状语成分。

这个成分是由自己独立主语的，因此叫独立主格结构。

教师简介：

陈志文：北京高中听说读写拔高项目负责人，主讲听说读写拔高和语法，写作单项。曾在两所全国百强中学中任教，教学经验丰富，对学员水平有深刻把握，相信只要有合适的方法和环境，每个学生都是可造之材。