掌握分词作状语的关键

掌握分词或分词短语作状语的关键是理解分词及其

逻辑主语之间的关系。如果是主动关系，则选用现在分词，

如果是被动关系，则选用过去分词。

1、 作状语的分词与逻辑主语是主动关系，且所表示动作与谓语动作同时发生，

则用现在分词的一般式。如：

Relying on our own efforts，we overcame all the difficulties.依靠自己的努力，我们把所有的困难克服了。(rely与其逻辑主语we之间是主动关系)

Sally was lying in bed crying.莎莉躺在床上哭泣.(cry与其逻辑主语Sally之间是主动关系)

2、当现在分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前时，则用现在分词的完成式。如：

Having already seen the film twice， she didn’t want to go to the cinema.这部电影她已看过两遍，所以她就不想去看了。(see与其逻辑主语she之间是主动关系)

Having never handled a machine， she met with a lot of difficulties at first .由于她从没碰过机器，所以一开头就碰到很多困难。(handle与其逻辑主语she之间是主动关系)

3、如果作状语的分词与逻辑主语之间有被动关系，则用过去分词。如：

Encouraged by these successes， they decided to expand the business.在这些成绩的鼓舞下他们决定扩大经营。(encourage与其逻辑主语 they之间是被动关系)

We went home exhausted.我们回到家里已筋疲力尽了。(exhausted与其逻辑主语we之间是被动关系)

作状语的分词与逻辑主语之间有被动关系，也可用现在分词的被动式。如：

Having been invited to speak ，I’ll start making preparations tomorrow.应邀发言，我明天将开始准备。(invite与其逻辑主语I之间是被动关系)

值得注意的是，有些分词在句子中没有逻辑主语。这种分词在语法上被称为垂悬分词。属于分词的一种特殊的用法，须特别记住。常见的这类垂悬分词有：regarding关于，barring除……以外，concerning关于，granting / granted(that)假定，即使，presuming假定，admitting(that)承认，consider- ing考虑到，assuming假设，supposing(that)假定，seeing that考虑到，given(that)考虑到，如果，假如，等等。如：

He did poorly in his examinations， considering how hard he had studied for them.就他为准备这些考试所付出的巨大努力而言，他考得极差。

Granted that he has enough money to buy the house，it doesn’t mean he’s going to do so.即使他有足够的钱买这栋房子，这也并不是说他要买下来。

Given his age，he has done a good job.考虑到他的年龄，他干得不错。

He asked me questions concerning my health.他问了一些关于我的健康的问题。

常见这类分词词组有：taking ...into consideration考虑到，judging by/from从……判断，talking about说到……，speaking of说到……，looking at考虑到，着眼于，generally speaking一般来说，allowing for考虑到，等等。如：

Judging from the number of cars，there were not many people at the club yet.从汽车的数量来看，俱乐部里人还不多。

Generally speaking ，boys are more interested in such activities than girls.一般来说，男孩子对这种活动的兴趣比女孩子大。

Allowing for the deficiencies，the show is a success.考虑到这些不足，这次表演是成功的。